Bauhaus

 

Between 1919 and 1933, the Bauhaus movement revolutionized architecture, aesthetic thinking and behavior in the 20th century. The Bauhaus buildings in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau are the basic representatives of classical modernism for a radical renovation of architecture and design. Listed on the World Heritage List in 1996, the property originally included the buildings of Weimar (formerly Applied Art School, Applied Art School, House Amhorn) and Dessau (Bauhaus Building, a group of seven masterhouses). I did. The 2017 expansion includes Bernau's Dessau Arcade House and ADGB Trade Union School as key contributions to the Bauhaus idea of ​​rigorous design, functionalism and social reform.

Brief synthesis

Between 1919 and 1933, the Bauhaus school revolutionized the concept and practice of architecture and aesthetics, first in Weimar and then in Dessau. Buildings created and decorated by school teachers (Henri van de Velde, Walter Gropius, Hannes Meyer, Laszlo Moholinazy, Wassily Kandinsky) established the modernist movement that shaped much of the architecture since the 20th century. The components of the property are the former School of Arts and Crafts in Weimar and the ADGB Trade Union School in Weimar, a group of seven Masters Houses and Arcade Houses in Haus am Horn, Bauhaus Building and Dessau. Bernau. Bauhaus expresses the desire to develop modern architecture using the new materials (reinforced concrete, glass, steel) and construction methods (framework method, glass façade) of the time. Based on the principle of function, the shape of the building rejects the traditional historical symbol of expression. In a strictly abstract process, the architectural form (both structured buildings and individual structural elements) is reduced to the main basic form. They derive the hallmarks of modernist architecture from the composition of interconnected cubes in thought-provoking spatial transparency.

The Bauhaus was the center of new ideas and, as a result, attracted progressive architects and artists. The Bauhaus school has become a symbol of modern architecture around the world, both in its pedagogy and in its buildings,  and is closely associated with the name  Walter Gropius. Hannes Meyer, Bauhaus's director and successor, realized the idea of ​​working together on a building project as part of his apprenticeship in the Bauhaus building department. These buildings represent architectural quality derived from scientific design methodologies and functional economic design with social objectives. The Bauhaus itself and  other buildings designed by the Bauhaus masters  are fundamental representatives of classical modernism and  are themselves important components of the 20th century. Their consistent artistic grandeur is reminiscent of the unfinished project of "human-faced modernity." The project aimed to create a human-friendly living environment, rather than using the available technical and intellectual resources destructively.

For this reason, it is an important monument not only for art and culture, but also for historical thought of the 20th century. Even though the Bauhaus philosophy of social reform turned out to be  wishful thinking, its utopian ideals were realized through  its architectural form. Its direct access is still fascinating today and belongs to  people of all nations as a cultural heritage.

Criterion (ii): The Bauhaus buildings in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau are central to European modernism and embody the avant-garde concept for a radical renewal of architecture and design in a unique and wide-ranging way. They have witnessed a modern cultural heyday that began here and influenced the world.

Criterion (iv): The Bauhaus itself and  other buildings designed by the Bauhaus masters  are fundamental representatives of classical modernism and  are themselves important components of the 20th century. The  Dessau Arcade House and  ADGB Trade Union School are unique products of Bauhaus' goal of integrating practice and education.

Criterion (vi): The Bauhaus School of Architecture was the cornerstone of modernism that revolutionized artistic and architectural thoughts and actions in the 20th century.

Integrity

The Bauhaus and the locations of Weimar, Dessau and Bernau are needed to represent the outstanding universal value of real estate and to reflect the development of modernism that has influenced the world's art, applied arts, architecture and urban planning. All elements are included. The seven components are large enough to reliably protect the properties and processes that convey the meaning of the property.

Authenticity

The three buildings in Weimar have been rebuilt several times and partially rebuilt, but their credibility has been proven (except for the  murals rebuilt at the two schools). The Bauhaus building in Dessau has been rebuilt but retains its original look and feel thanks to extensive restoration work  in 1976. As with the Masters House, restorations are based on thorough investigation and are considered to meet authenticity requirements. The Arcade House and  ADGB Trade Union School are almost in their original condition in terms of shape, design, materials and substance, and are therefore the only genuine testimony to the Bauhaus building sector's architectural heritage.

Protection and management requirements

In accordance with the provisions of the Thuringian Memorial Conservation Act of January 7, the two former Academy of Arts, the School of Applied Arts and  Haus am Horn in Weimar are listed as unique monuments in the Thuringian Free State Memorial Register. .. 1992. The Bauhaus, Masters House and Arcade House are  in the corresponding Saxony-Anhalt Register (Monument Protection Act of  October 21, 1991). The ADGB Trade Union School is  on the  Brandenburg Monument List and is  protected by  the Monument Protection Act of July 22, 1991. The Bauhaus building and Masters House are used by the Bauhaus Foundation Dessau, a public law foundation. In Weimar, Desau and Bernau, the monumental protection department has confirmed that all spatial plans take into account monumental protection concerns. There is also a buffer zone that reflects the monumental zone to protect the World Heritage Sites.

The overall responsibility for the preservation of Weimar's monuments rests with the Thuringian Free State Prime Minister, Saxony-Anhalt Ministry of Education Dessau, and  the Ministry of Science, Research and Culture Bernau. Brandenburg. Each state is operated by its own state office for the preservation of the monument.

Direct control is delegated to the relevant states and municipalities operating under their respective protection regulations. In Dessau, the  Bauhaus grounds and Masters House are managed by the  Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. Each federal monumental protection law guarantees the preservation and care of  objects and clarifies areas of action and options. Almost the same goals, regulations, and principles of these laws create a unified legal basis for the management of  components in different locations. An operating group of owners and representatives of relevant authorities  acts as a communication platform and coordinates comprehensive activities to comply with the World Heritage Convention or to investigate and present World Heritage Sites.